MassGIS Data: USGS 1:24,000 Surficial Geology

August 2015
Statewide digital map of the surficial geology at a 1:24,000-scale

Download this layer (105 MB) (ESRI shapefiles and ArcGIS 10.0 layer file) *** Area I added on August 19, 2015 ***

View this datalayer in an online map

This data layer is part of a comprehensive study by the U.S. Geological Survey to produce a statewide digital map of the surficial geology at a 1:24,000-scale. This compilation of surficial geologic materials defines the areas of exposed bedrock, and the boundaries between glacial till, glacial stratified deposits, and overlying early-postglacial and postglacial deposits.
Four separate polygon datasets were developed:

• Till and Bedrock - areas of Thin Till, Thick Till, End Moraine Deposits, Bedrock Outcrops, and Areas of Abundant Outcrop and Shallow Bedrock. Thin till and bedrock outcrops polygons are mutually exclusive; thick till polygons overlie areas of thin till, and abundant outcrop/shallow bedrock polygons overlie areas of thin till and bedrock outcrops.The layer is named SURFGEO24K_TB_POLY.
• Stratified Deposits - areas of glacial stratified deposits, categorized as Coarse, Glaciolacustrine Fine, and Glaciomarine Fine. The layer is named SURFGEO24K_SD_POLY.
• Early Postglacial - areas of early postglacial Inland Dune and Marine Regressive Deposits. The layer is named SURFGEO24K_EPG_POLY.
• Postglacial - areas of Swamp Deposits, Floodplain Alluvium, Beach and Dune Deposits, and Artificial Fill. Swamp polygons may overlie alluvium polygons; artificial fill polygons may overlie areas of swamp or alluvium. The layer is named SURFGEO24K_PG_POLY.

See the Status Map  for areas currently available. These layers revise previous digital surficial geologic maps (Stone and Beinikis, 1992, MassGIS Surficial Geology ) that were compiled on base maps at regional scales of 1:250,000.

Methodology

Multiple agencies and individuals contributed to this data layer: MassGIS scanned and georeferenced paper copies of published surficial geologic maps, on a quadrangle-by-quadrangle basis. The Office of the Massachusetts State Geologist vectorized the georeferenced images and compiled geologic units in order to digitally retain the original information on the published maps (Stephen Mabee and others, 2004). U.S. Geological Survey personnel compiled and on-screen digitized the basic units for unpublished quadrangles from scanned field maps, and then joined and edge-matched the quads in order to form seamless geologic layers. Work at the USGS was compiled by Byron D. Stone, Janet R. Stone, and Mary L. DiGiacomo-Cohen.

Attributes

Each layer's polygon attribute table contains the items LEGEND and MAP_UNIT. Codes for each layer are as follows:

Layer Name	LEGEND	MAP_UNIT
SURFGEO24K_TB_POLY	bk	bedrock outcrop; bedrock outcrops
	em	end moraine deposits; moraine deposits
	sb	areas of abundant outcrop and/or shallow bedrock
	t	thin till
	t/s	till overlying sand deposits
	tm	thrust moraine; thrust-moraine deposits
	tt	thick till
SURFGEO24K_SD_POLY	sd-c	glacial stratified deposits, coarse
	sd-f	glacial stratified deposits, fine; glacial stratified deposits, glaciolacustrine fine
	sd-fm	glacial stratified deposits, glaciomarine fine
	sid	stagnant-ice deposits
SURFGEO24K_EPG_POLY	alf	alluvial fan deposits
	d	early postglacial inland dune deposits; inland dune deposits
	mr	early postglacial marine regressive deposits
	st	stream-terrace deposits
	ta	talus deposits
SURFGEO24K_PG_POLY	af	artificial fill
	al	alluvium; floodplain alluvium
	b; bd	beach and dune deposits
	cb	cranberry bog
	ff	valley-floor fluvial deposits
	sm	salt-marsh deposits
	sw	swamp and marsh deposits, swamp deposits

Multiple values for some LEGEND or MAP_UNIT codes are listed because different values were used in different compilation areas. For full details on the map unit descriptions, see the FGDC-compliant metadata distributed with the data. 

Displaying the Data

Because of overlapping polygons amongst the layers, and because some map units in each layer are not mutually exclusive, the order in which the layers are drawn is important in order to to correctly represent the physical nature of the geologic features. When displaying the data in ArcGIS, it is best to use the group layer file developed by USGS and modified by MassGIS for use with our SDE layers and exported shapefiles. The layer file includes definition queries and the preferred symbology developed by USGS.

All layers should be displayed together and, for better context, overlaid with basemap features such as roads, elevation contours, shaded relief, hydrography, and geographic annotation (as indicated in the layer's sample image - geology with basemap features ). At map scales of 1:15,000 or larger (i.e., more zoomed in), USGS recommends overlaying images of 1:24,000 topographic quadrangle basemap features (see sample image - geology with quad image ). These images were scanned specifically for this surficial geology project and were used as the base for on-screen digitizing of geologic map units. See the USGS 1:24,000 Surficial Geology Topographic Base Map Images.

Non-ArcGIS users should refer to the group layer file image for the proper symbology, datasets, and definition queries when displaying the data.

Maintenance

The USGS is actively developing these layers. New data will be made available when received by MassGIS. Please note that some data now available through MassGIS may be replaced with updated versions as USGS' data development project continues. See the Status Map  for areas currently available (based on the Surficial Geology (1:24,000) Status Index layer). Data for Area "I" was added on August 19, 2015.

For information on specific areas and access to interim data products and imagery, see http://www.geo.umass.edu/stategeologist/frame_maps.htm.

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Last Updated 8/27/2015